The standard treatment for HFpEF includes sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), such as empagliflozin and dapagliflozin, supported by the EMPEROR-Preserved (2021) and DELIVER (2022) trials [7, 8]
Patients often tolerate smaller meals, slower eating, lean protein, bland foods, and lower-fat meals better during nausea, but individualized guidance matters
Patient progress may reflect an individualized combination of medical evaluation, nutrition guidance, activity planning, behavioral support, ongoing monitoring, and clinically appropriate treatment
Dosing uncertainty: Clinical trials use specific titration schedules for safety
However, a significant number of patients develop kidney dysfunction from various contributors that impact optimal renal perfusion
For example, a patient with type 2 diabetes on GLP-1 scheduled for hip replacement may continue the agent until 1 to 2 weeks pre-op if weight loss is modest, but stop earlier if gastroparesis or severe nausea is present