Demand is expected to be driven by specialist access constraints and consumer convenience
This is possible, but given that innate inflammation in the form of microglial activation and macrophage infiltration is a universal response to most types of CNS injury (Rivest, 2009), we would argue that it remains equally plausible that in MS microglia/macrophages are instead reacting to some persistent underlying pathological process in an attempt to limit and repair the expanding white matter damage
In recent years, the introduction of the brain-gut axis (BGA) theory has provided a new perspective for the systematic understanding of GERDs pathogenesis
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Nat Cancer 7 , 260271 (2026)
They promote satiety and reduce overall food intake