Healthcare professionals who encounter patients using unlicensed peptides should approach the conversation without judgement, document use carefully, and consider appropriate baseline investigations including liver function tests, lipid profile, and renal function
Any medication that affects glucose, lipid metabolism, growth hormone signaling, or beta-adrenergic activity could in theory interact, but evidence is absent
However, one of the most common is vitamin B12 deficiency
Nevertheless, use of metformin may decrease vitamin B 12 status: a meta-analysis of four short-term intervention trials (up to 4 months duration) in patients with type 2 diabetes found that metformin use decreased serum cobalamin concentrations by 57 pmol/L, which could have clinical implications if such patients have suboptimal vitamin B 12 status (146)
Phase 2b clinical trials were completed in Australia testing the drug in 300 obese individuals
References to obesity, adipose tissue, mitochondrial function, or glucose-related pathways on this page are provided for laboratory research context only