Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of comorbid T2DM and depression and can be a trigger for dysregulation of insulin- and GLP-1-mediated signaling (both central and peripheral), neuroendocrine disorders (hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal system dysfunction and monoaminergic neurotransmission disorders), chronic low-intensity inflammation, oxidative stress, and disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain system, reducing the level of neurotrophic factors in the brain and changing synaptic plasticity
Diabetes Metab 46(2):100109 Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A et al (2016) Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
2 Hemoglobin, hemosiderin, and melanin represent the most common endogenous sources of mucosal color change (Table 51)
Davies, J., et al
6/16/2025 Jess S Never going back to the injections
Ongoing studies are evaluating cardiovascular outcomes with tirzepatide in populations with overweight/obesity and T2D (SURPASS-CVOT) and in those with obesity but without diabetes (SURMOUNT-MMO) [28, 29]