The ultrasound-derived fat fraction (UDFF) correlates positively with fatty liver severity, reflecting increased hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation ( 1.3.2 Cardiovascular manifestations PCOS contributes to cardiovascular injury through chronic low-grade inflammation and sympathetic overactivation, as evidenced by elevated myocardial macrophage infiltration, accelerated atherosclerotic plaque development, and impaired post-infarction myocardial repairmechanisms that operate independently of conventional metabolic abnormalities ( 1.3.3 Pancreatic involvement PCOS may be associated with a 1.9-fold higher risk of pancreatic cancer, likely driven by metabolic disturbances beyond obesity or diabetes alone ( 1.3.4 Muscular complications Although specific studies on muscle involvement in PCOS remain limited, PCOS-related IR and chronic inflammation indirectly impair muscle metabolic function, promoting sarcopenia, intramuscular fat infiltration, and decreased muscle strength, which may in turn exacerbate systemic metabolic dysfunction ( These multi-organ interactions highlight the complexity of PCOS management and emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize treatment strategies ( Figure 1 )
It is advisable to divide the daily dose into 2 administrations
The new advanced hormone optimization techniques have high chances of immediate and long-term benefits for men and women
A history of certain medical conditions can increase the risk of serious side effects
It should be taken into consideration that the further aging of the Polish population will increase the numbers of people that take advantage of medical and social care, are disabled and suffer from non-infectious chronic diseases
Protect: Apply sunscreen during the day
