The pharmacology is the same
Saffron pre-treatment offers neuroprotection to Nigral and retinal dopaminergic cells of MPTP-Treated mice
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3.Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Milzani A, Braconi D, Santucci A, Rossi R: Membrane Skeletal Protein S-Glutathionylation in Human Red Blood Cells as Index of Oxidative Stress
However, compounded medications are not FDA-approved, and the quality and consistency can vary between pharmacies
Goodin DS
The beneficial effect of exercise on gut microbiota is contributed by several mechanisms, including an increase in bacterial diversity (usually associated with favorable health outcomes), an increase in fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), an increase in the proportion of health-promoting bacterial species (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , and Akkermansia muciniphila ), and a decrease of obesity and metabolic diseases-related bacteria (e.g., Eubacterium rectale and Clostridium coccoide a) (Estaki et al., 2016