Abstract The core pathophysiological mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and its consequential impairment of enteroendocrine glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion
Researchers increasingly focus on neuropeptides connected to stress management and nervous-system regulation pathways
[Ref] Gastrointestinal Very common (10% or more): Diarrhea (57.9%), abdominal pain (43.9%), nausea (29.8%), flatulence (25.3%), constipation (18.8%), abdominal pain upper (10.5%), abdominal discomfort, loose stools Common (1% to 10%): Fat malabsorption, vomiting, dyspepsia, steatorrhea, discoloration of feces, tenesmus, abdominal distension Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): GI bleeding, hemorrhoids, appendicitis, gastric/peptic ulcer Frequency not reported : Pancreatitis, vomiting, abnormal stools, severe epigastric pain, abdominal tenderness and guarding Postmarketing reports : Intestinal obstruction [Ref] Cardiovascular Very common (10% or more): Bradycardia (25%), hypertension (12.6%), conduction abnormalities (10%) Common (1% to 10%): Arrhythmias, flushing Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Chest pain, shortness of breath, thrombophlebitis, ischemia, congestive heart failure, palpitations, orthostatic blood pressure decrease, tachycardia [Ref] Hepatic Very common (10% or more): Gallstones (27%), sludge without stones (24%), cholelithiasis (38.2%), biliary duct dilatation (12%) Common (1% to 10%): Transaminase increased Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Hepatitis, jaundice, increase in liver enzymes, gallbladder polyp Rare (less than 0.1%): Acute pancreatitis Frequency not reported : Acute cholecystitis, ascending cholangitis, biliary obstruction, cholestatic hepatitis, pancreatitis [Ref] Nervous system Very common (10% or more): Headache (30%), dizziness (20%) Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Syncope, tremor, seizure, vertigo, Bell's palsy, pituitary apoplexy, amnesia, neuritis [Ref] Metabolic Very common (10% or more): Hyperglycemia (16%) Common (1% to 10%): Hypoglycemia, edema, anorexia Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Weight loss, dehydration Frequency not reported : Depressed vitamin B12 levels, abnormal Schilling's test [Ref] Hematologic Very common (10% or more): Anemia (15.3%) Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Iron deficiency Postmarketing reports : Thrombocytopenia [Ref] Endocrine Very common (10% or more): Biochemical hypothyroidism (12%) Common (1% to 10%): Goiter, thyroid dysfunction (e.g
Size: 60 Capsules in a bottle
Key Points DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferases regulate neurogenesis through epigenetic control of gene expression
Vials are more cost-effective, but you reconstitute them yourself with bacteriostatic water
