At a central level, the anorectic effect of glucagon is mediated by a hypothalamic pathway involving a PKA/Ca 2+ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism [56]
Gradual titration is the standard of care because it significantly reduces the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and vomiting
Nutrient Replenishment Delivers amino acids, vitamins, and nutrients directly into the bloodstream.
Examples of such enzymatic triggers include glutathione/glutathione S-transferase, glycosidase, esterase, Escherichia coli nitroreductase, DT-myocardanactylase and cytochromes [75, 78]
Moreover, insulin-like growth factor binding protein related proteins (IGFB- PrPs) have been recently characterized, which aid the metabolic effects of the hormone but their role remains unclear [8]
It is possible that finding new analogs of GLP-1 with higher homology and a nephroprotective native structure will be a target for future molecular imaging works
